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Healthcare in Senegal
Healthcare in Senegal is a center topic of discourse in understanding the wellbeing and vitality of the Senagelese people. According to 2001 data, 54% of the population is below the poverty line, which has implications on people's wellbeing.〔Central Intelligence Agency, "World Fact Book: Senegal." Last modified Feb 05 2013. Accessed March 19, 2013. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sg.html.〕 Common medical problems in Senegal include child mortality, maternal death, malaria, and sexual diseases including HIV/AIDS.〔 There is a high disparity in both the quality and extent of health services between urban and rural areas.〔Heyen-Perschon, Jürgen. "Report on current situation in the health sector of Senegal and possible roles for non-motorised transport interventions." Institution for Transportation and Development Policy. (2005). Accessed March 19, 2013.〕 The greatest problems in public health are in the East and South (Louga, Kaolack, and Tambacounda) and the region of Casamance.
Currently, there is a need to improve Senegal’s infrastructure to promote a healthy, decent living environment for the Senegalese.〔Badji, Marie Suzanne, and Dorothee Boccanfuso. "Nutritional Health of the Children in Senegal: A Comparative Analysis." Journal Of African Development 3, no. 1 (Spring 2008): 71-103. EconLit with Full Text, EBSCOhost (accessed February 21, 2013).〕 Additionally, the country needs more doctors and health personnel, particularly general practitioners, gynecologists, obstetricians, pediatricians, and cardiologists. Moreover, there is a strong need to have more of these personnel in rural areas: as of 2008, Senegal has only twenty full-fledged hospitals, seven of which are in Dakar.〔The Report: Senegal 2008. Oxford Business Group, 2008. http://books.google.com/books?id=DG2mhyhrtKkC. Accessed April 18, 2013.〕 From approximately 1905 to the present, there have been significant shifts in Senegal’s healthcare system, the system’s structures, specific diseases that are problematic in Senegal, as well as issues affecting women and children and access to healthcare in Senegal.
==History==
As is the case in the rest of the African continent, the Senegalese have long used traditional medicines and rely on traditional healers for their ailments.〔Ji-Elle, Badmood, Kostia, et al. “Santé au Sénégal,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant%C3%A9_au_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal . Accessed March 19, 2013.〕 During the colonial era, the health care system was drastically changed. In 1905, France laid the foundation for health policy in the area, though primarily to serve the French colonial officials and not the native Senegalese. Imperialist extraction from African colonies meant that the health care infrastructure was primarily constructed in large, coastal cities such as Dakar.〔Keita, Maghan. A political economy of health care in Senegal. n.p.: Leiden () : Brill, 2007, 2007. Bibliotheksverbund Bayern, EBSCOhost. Accessed April 18, 2013.〕 Infrastructure in rural areas was largely left out of the picture. Later in 1905, Medical Assistance for the Indigenous was created. It was responsible for providing free medical care and health advice to indigenous peoples, promoting immunization, and promoting maternal and child health. After the Second World War, international public opinion became more critical of colonial policy, and comprehensive programs were put in place to fight against major diseases. Since its independence from France, Senegal has become more involved in major international programs for development and health. Some historians argue that the commoditization and commercialization of healthcare, moving from the colonial to the post-colonial era, has reduced health care to a convenience that is only available to the wealthy, with those in dire poverty often unable to access care.〔 As a result of the development of health care infrastructure in the colonial era by the French, access remains very uneven across regions and between income levels.〔
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